Investigation Of The Financial Performance Of Maybank - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3027 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Production or gain from a financial institution is depending on some issues whether the external control or the internal control. External control refer to the environment in our country like economy growth and inflation that effect the purchasing power of customer as the price of goods increases, customer demand will increase too. The Malaysian economy actually moves together with strong financial system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investigation Of The Financial Performance Of Maybank" essay for you Create order Strong financial system of a country will contribute to economic growth. Economic growth of a country like Malaysia is measured in terms of real GDP. According to Travel Document Systems ( 1996) ,since independent on 1957 until 2005, Malaysian economy had grew by 6.5% per year automatically it become the best country in Asia at that time. Banks nowadays struggled to maintain a good performance in order to fulfill its objectives of satisfying their customers, employees, depositors and government according to Askari Commercial Bank ( 2006 ). The evolution of financial system in Malaysia has been significant. 7.2 per cent economic growth registered by the country last year was the highest achievement over 10 years and was driven by the two stimulus packages as well as the management of countrys financial and banking system by Bank Negara said the Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2011) . 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Profit is the major focus of why everybody struggles to make sure their business going well as profit is the important sources of funds. This paper will measure financial performance of Maybank Bhd and determinant of data by identifying the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. It is important to understand the profitability of commercial bank after considering certain factors that may contribute to the profitability. The research is based on the performance of Maybank from 2001 to 2010. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT A financial institution is a profit-seeking organization owned by shareholders who expect to gain return with the risk associated that they have to face. There are many factors that contribute to bank profitability. According to Bankers Journal Malaysia, for Malaysian Banks, more than 80% of their total income is attributed to interest income. Previous studies have also found that interest income and non-interest income have a positive effect on bank profitability. However besides those banking characteristics of internal variables, there are some external variable that may affect the banks profitability performance that cannot be overemphasized like inflation and GDP. Earlier studies by Al-Hajji, Mohsen (2003) have found positive relationship between the GDP and bank profitability. When GDP increases, profitability of the bank will increase too. Adverse result was found about relationship between inflation and bank profitability. This study will answer the question of how inter est income, non-interest income, GDP and inflation rate relate with bank profitability also how is well is the performance of Maybank Bhd during the period of study. RESEARCH QUESTION Dependent and independent variables are studied to find solution about the profitability performance of Maybank Berhad. Factors affecting performance of Maybank Berhad can be comprises into external and internal factors. The criteria that will be evaluated are interest income, non-interest income , interest expenses, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation rate. The intent of this study is to examine the effect of all this factors towards performance of Maybank Berhad. This research problem leads to questions concerning relationship between selected criteria. In this research, there are few question were asked as listed below : 1.3.1 To what extend inflation rate effect the performance of Maybank Berhad? What are the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables ? 1.3.3 What is the factor that most effect profitability ratio of Maybank Berhad? 1.4 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The main objective of this study is to study the factors attributes to the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. comprises of interest income, non-interest income ,Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and inflation rate. The study also will determine the profitability performance of bank for 10 years period. Apart from that, there are few supporting objectives to support the main purpose were listed below : To study the relationship between internal variables and bank profitability. To identify whether bank cost and bank revenues will contribute to profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. To determine which factors contribute the most to profitability of Maybank Bhd. To analyze the trend of Maybank profitability over 10years and identify Maybanks strength and weaknesses using certain profitability ratios. SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY Bank profits refer to the return on invested capital and it is important to company as well as the shareholder. Bank profits can be considered as benefit to depositors as it shows stronger, safer and efficient banking system in the increases in revenues and services improvements. Indirectly borrowers also will get the benefits since the bank lending rate depends of ability of banks capital accounts. This paper will focus on some categories as follows: Facilitate researcher to find out the major factors contributing to the profitability performance of commercial banks especially Maybank Bhd. To assist the researcher to be more alert on how to manage and overcome problems that could come together with independent variables and provide guides on how to improve profitability performance. Also provide information on banks profitability strength and weaknesses that could be use by the customers as an evaluation of banks performance. The researcher may also view the performance trend of Maybank Bhd. during this 10 years from 2001 to 2010. 1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY This research paper will focus on the financial performance of Maybank Berhad based on banks profitability. The factors that will be evaluate are divided into 2 which are external factors (Gross Domestic Product, and inflation) and internal factors ( interest income, non-interest income ). 1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY The limitations of this study is the data only for 10years starting 2001 to 2010. Furthermore the data come from secondary data and sometimes may be adequate or accurate. Besides most of the data were gathered from journals, BNM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Maybank annual reports , and articles. 1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS 1.8.1 Profit According to Wikipedia, profit  can be considered as the difference between the purchase  price  and the  costs  of bringing to market whatever it is that is accounted as an enterprise or in a simple word it means money gained in business. 1.8.2 Interest Income Companies sometimes keep their cash in short-term deposit investments such as certificates or deposit with maturities up to twelve months, savings account, and money market funds. The cash placed in these accounts earn interest for the business, which is recorded on the income statement as interest income. Interest income will fluctuate each year with the amount of cash a company keeps on hand and the general level of interest rates as set by the Federal Reserve. (Source: Joshua Kennen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Investing for beginners guide ) 1.8.3 Operating profit The profit earned from a firms normal core business operations. This value does not include any profit earned from the firms investments (such as earnings from firms  in which  the company has partial interest) and the effects of interest and taxes. It is also  known as earnings before interest  and tax (EBIT). (Source:https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operating_profit.asp) 1.8.3 Profitability Analysis Analysis that assigns revenues and costs to major customers or groups of customers rather than to organizational units, products, or other objects. The results may direct organizational resources toward more profitable uses. It is an application of segmented reporting in which a customer group is treated as a segment. It is especially helpful when combined with an activity-based costing approach that determines which activities are performed for each group and assigns costs based on appropriate drivers. (Source : https://www.answers.com) 1.8.4 Inflation Inflation is An increase in the amount of currency in circulation, resulting in a relati vely sharp and sudden fall in its value and rise in prices: it may be caused by an increase in the volume of paper money issued or of gold mined, or a relative increase in expenditures as when the supply of goods fails to meet the demand. (Source : Websters New Universal Unabridged Dictionary) 1.8.5 Financial Ratios Ratios that measure a firms ability to meet its short-term financial obligations on time, such as the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. (Source : The Free Dictionary by Farlex ) 1.8.6 Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period. It is often considered an indicator of a countrys standard of living. Gross domestic product is related to national accounts, a subject in macroeconomics. ( Source : https://erbwikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product ). Interest Expense Interest expense is a non-operating or other expense for the cost of borro wed money or other credit. The amount of interest expense appearing on the income statement is the cost of the money that was used during the time interval shown in the heading of the income statement, not the amount of interest paid during that period of time. (Source : Accounting Couch) SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed about the influence of factors affecting profitability performance of Maybank Berhad and the question that need to be answered in this paper. This research examined the bank profitability which focused on both the returns on bank assets and equity, net interest rate margins and net operating margin. High performance comes from effort given by bank management to produce high profit while facing risk related. Firm need to generate income as much as possible as banking institution is a profit-orientation company. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION Bank performance depends on the profitability measurement of banks financial statement. It is recognized that the growth of the banking system is dependent on a strong and stable economic development. PREVIOUS STUDY This paper deals with performance of commercial bank, focuses on Maybank Berhad. Some of previous study that relate with this research are Masood et al. (2009) revealed that in case of calculating profitability in terms of ROE or ROA the most significant internal and external factors affecting Saudi banks are capital adequacy ratio, earning assets to deposits ratio, operational efficiency, growth rate in GDP, and banking sector development. He finds also that variables to do with credit risk, inflation rate and interbank offered rate are insignificant and have a low effect on all indicators of profitability. The results in the speech by Tan Sri Dato Ali Abu Hassan Bin Sulaiman, Governor of BNM, (23 September 1998), he stated that since the onset of the financial crisis, BNM had instituted a number of measures , amongst others included tighter loan classficication policy for non-performing loans and a limit on lending for the purchase of shares. Since then, the financial crisis adve rsely affected the real economy, resulting in real GDP contracting by 4.8% during the first half of 1998. Year 1998 was a difficult year for the banking system while 1year after that was the recovery year in the performance of banking system. (BNM 1999 Annual Report Press Conference). Haslem (1968) defined profitability as the capacity to gain or profit, or to return a profit or income. Profit is the measured for productive capacity of a company. According to Orl and Yolalan(1990), profitability performance evaluation of a banks should be linked to decision model so as to associate the result obtained with the decision. Meanwhile, according to Bashir and Hassan , (2003) on their study on the factors influencing the profitability of Islamic banks in eight Middle Eastern countries for the period 1993à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1998, they find that the higher leverage and large loans-to-asset ratios lead to higher profitability. This study also indicates a positive relationship between macroe conomic variables, stock market development and profitability of banks. Ben Ben Naceur and Goaied (2006) they find that macroeconomic indicators like inflation, GDP, and market concentration ratio have no impact on banks interest margin and profitability. However, financial structure variables (stock market capitalization divided by total assets or GDP) do have a positive effect on the return on assets. Staikouras and Wood (2003) said that macroeconomic indicators (variability of interest rate, growth of GDP) had a negative impact on profitability. Chance and Lane [1980], and Sweeney and Warga [1986] find little evidence that supports the interest rate sensitivity of bank or financial institutions stock returns. On the other hand, studies such as Lynge and Zumwalt [1980], Booth and Officer [19851, Scott and Peterson [1986], and more recently Chaudry and Reichert [1999] suggest that the stock returns of financial institutions are highly sensitive to changes in interest rates.   Different result from Kosmidou and Pasiouras (2007) which they examine how a banks specific characteristics and the overall banking environment affect the profitability of commercial domestic and foreign banks operating in the 15 EU countries and they found that the main determinants of profitability measured by ROAA, macroeconomic conditions (inflation, growth of GDP) and financial market structure (stock market capitalization to total assets or to GDP, total assets to GDP) are statistically significant and related to both domestic and foreign banks profitability. Apart from that, Bourke (1989), Heggested (1977) using the consumer price index (CPI) as a proxy for inflation both of them made a research on relationship between profit and inflation and the result, both studies found that inflation had a significant relationship with profit. Earlier study from Revell (1980). believed that inflation could be a factor in the causation of variations in banks profitability. For stud ied on total expenses, items that fall within the control of bank management can be broadly divided into 3 categories: staff expenses, provision for loan losses, and other general expenses. Expenses, such as payment for income tax, are considered statutory expenses and hence beyond the control of management. Devinaga Rasiah (2010) . THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In this study, 4 factors were chosen to be evaluated. They are return of unit trust fund, risk level of unit trust, diversification level and last but not least is risk-adjusted level. Below is the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Title : Investigation of The Financial Performance of Maybank Berhad Bank interest income Bank Non-Interest Income GDP Inflation rate Bank Profitability Interest Expense DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY AND DATA 3.0 INTRODUCTION This study will analyze the relationship between dependent variable (profitability of Maybank Bhd) and independent variables (interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ).This study will covered 10 years data from 2001 until 2010 and will be done using Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS). Furthermore, hypothesis will be tested whether it can be accepted or rejected. This will provide more understanding view among variables. The advantage of using profitability ratios is that they are inflation invariant that is they are not affected by changes in price levels. This is useful in a time series analysis such as this, where the real value of profits may be distorted by the time varying inflation rates as stated by Devinaga Rasiah (2010). 3.1 DATA COLLECTION Data was collected using annual reports of Maybank Bhd. The data collection was compiled from the financial statement also the balance sheets from Maybanks annual reports for 10 years.. All the data will be evaluate accordingly to see the relationship between the dependent and independent variables also to test the hypothesis. Besides some of the data comes from Internet website like video on news and some articles which contain information about Maybank Bhd. 3.2 SAMPLING FRAME 10 years data was chosen as to see the latest profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. 10 years data is enough to show the flow of performance of bank to see whether it has consistent performance or not and factors which relate the most to banks performance can be determine. 3.3 SOURCES OF DATA The data on Maybank Berhad financial statements and balance sheets were collected using secondary data which come from: (BNM) Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Reports (2001 until 2010). Bursa Malaysia Internet Website. Library books, articles and magazines. 3.4 VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT The variables used in this study can be categorized into two main types which are, the dependent and the independent variables. 3.4.1 Dependent Variables The dependent variable for this study is the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. 3.4.2 Independent Variables There are 4 independent variables in this study which are interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and Gross Domestic Product(GDP). RESEARCH DESIGN Research design involves a series of rational decision making choices. Various issues regarding the topic will be describe here including purpose of study, types of investigation to be make, time horizon and so on. 3.5.1 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine the profitability performance of Maybank Bhd from 2001 to 2010. Besides, this study attempt to analyze the factors relates with the performance of Maybank Bhd. and what are the factor that has the highest impact on Maybank Bhd performance. 3.5.2 Types of Investigation This study involved the multiple regression study on the data from range of 2001 until 2010. This model was chosen because this study has more than 1 independent variable.. 3.5.3 Unit of Analysis Unit analysis for this study are interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate and GDP. 3.5.4 Time Horizon This study will use range data from 2001 until 2010 of Maybank Bhd. 3.7 DATA ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT This study use SPSS, multiple regression study as the statistical tool as to measure how all these variables will influence profitability performance of Maybank Bhd. The multiple regression study will be used to analyze the relationship between dependent variable, which is the profitability of Maybank Bhd and independent variables which includes interest income, inflation rate, GDP and non-interest income. Multiple Linear Regression Model: General Functions: P = f( Inflation rate, interest income, Non-interest income , GDP, e ) Specific Form of Equation: P = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3 X3 + b4GDP + b5INF + Where; P = profitability a = Constant b1, b2, b3, b4 = Coefficient Beta value X1 = interest income X2 = non- interest income GDP = Gross Domestic Product INF = Inflation = Error 3.8 HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT There are 5 hypotheses in this study which are: Hypothesis 1 H0: There is no significant relationship between inflation rate and bank profitability. Hypothesis 2 H0: There is no significant relationship between GDP and bank profitability. Hypothesis 3 H0: There is no significant relationship between Interest Income and bank profitability. Hypothesis 4 H0: There is significant relationship between Non-Interest Income and bank profitability. SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed about where the data comes from and how the data will be measures to evaluate the significances between dependent variable and the independent variables. The study is designed to examine 5main areas which are interest expense, interest income, non-interest income, inflation rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 10 years data from varieties of secondary sources like Bank Negara Malaysia and internet sources will be evaluated to explain the relationship between profitability performance and factors influence it. .

Critical Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee...

The submissions for this assignment are posts in the assignment s discussion. Below are the discussion posts for Samantha Stepzinski, or you can view the full discussion. from Discussion #1 - The Glass Menagerie Sep 8, 2017 10:31pm Click to change profile picture for Samantha Stepzinski In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main topic of discussion is trying to find Laura a suitable gentleman caller that Amanda, her mother, would approve; however the overall theme is much deeper than that. Laura lives at home with both her mom and brother Tom. What s special about these 3 is that they lost their father to the world of adventure; he left them without even the blink of an eye because he wanted more than what their little†¦show more content†¦ The way the characters merely speak to one another you can see Amanda tries to be this authoritarian figure but in the end Tom s anger just overrules her power. He s very dominant and he s usually the one that takes control of the situation. The music in the play merely adds to the drama that s happening in that moment of time. As William s said in his author s note, ...it is the lightest, most delicate music in the world and perhaps the saddest. I feel like that encaptures Laura s character as a whole: f ragile, weak, timid, and sad. In terms of the visuals, they go more towards adding that comedic depth to the play. Every time I read what was supposed to be displayed on the little screen, I laughed because it was always something silly. However, it always added to the mood and overall tone of the play because there were moments where, for example, the blue roses would display and I d think to myself, Aw, this is really cute and my fingers are crossed for Jim and Laura. Lastly, as the audience member I knew that there were parts where I d be able to laugh and watch the scene go on while there were others where I felt my heart being torn out of my chest. It was this back and forward mix of emotions thatShow MoreRelatedEphemeral Repertoire Of Embodied Knowledge943 Words   |  4 Pagesskeptically criticized in histories of Williams which favor normative assessment. Taylor describes that â€Å"the rift, I submit does not lie between the written and spoken word, but between the archiv e of supposedly enduring materials (i.e., texts, documents, buildings, bones) and the so-called ephemeral repertoire of embodied practice/knowledge (i.e., spoken language, dance, sports, ritual).† For this study, Taylor’s point is well-taken as a means of dismembering critical hegemony. Taylor’s research highlightsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesplay, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams explores this notion of reality as a painful encroachment that all humans counteract with concocted fantasies and a willingness to exist in an illusionary state. While all of William’s characters exist in their individual realms of illusion, one stands out as the most harmful and pitiful of all. Amanda, the literal mother of the dysfunctional family in the play, is also the figurative â€Å"mother† of illusionary living. Through Amanda, Williams explores theRead MoreEssay about Fences by August Wilson1876 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom her religious faith and give the best of whats in her. She holds on to her husband with both hands until the time of his demise. The Glass Menagerie is a dramatic play about human nature, the conflict between illusion and reality. The struggle between the love of freedom and the love of family. If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee Williamss dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. A faded belle fromRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie And Winnie Holzman And Stephen Schwartz s Mega Musical Wicked1316 Words   |  6 Pagescentury brought to life a more flashy, commercialized interpretation of this tool, and played to the societal theme of entertainment, as seen in the increase of musical theater (Janaro). A true example of this stark contrast is Tennessee Williams’ tragedy The Glass Menagerie and Winnie Holzman and Stephen Schwartz’s mega-musical Wicked. Although from fundamentally different eras and using the employment of distinctive structures that correlate with the different branches of theater, at the core , theseRead MoreTennessee Williams: His Life in quot;Suddenly Last Summerquot; and quot;The Glass Menageriequot;2784 Words   |  12 PagesIn the study of Tennessee Willliams plays: Suddenly Last Summer and The Glass Menagerie, we can find a great deal of autobiographical connections. The Glass Menagerie is particularly considered the authors most biographical work. It is described by the playwright as a memory play; indeed, it is a memory of the authors own youth, an expression of his own life and experiences. Similarly, Suddenly Last Summer includes many of Tennesse Williams real life details. First and foremost,Read More Exploring Amanda of The Glass Menagerie Essay2035 Words   |  9 PagesAmanda of The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams has a gift for character. Not many playwrights do, and even fewer possess the unique ability to craft a character as paradoxical and complex as Amanda Wingfield. In The Glass Menagerie, Amanda is a very difficult character to understand because of her psychological disposition. Williams realizes this and provides the reader with a character description in hopes of making the character more accessible to meticulous analysis.    AMANDARead MoreTennessee Williams : Understanding A Namesake3723 Words   |  15 PagesTennessee Williams: Understanding a Namesake By Tennessee Mills December 16, 2014 Introduction â€Å"As an artist I seem weak and muddled today.† When I chose this topic, I thought I knew what I was going to get out of the process. I outlined my objectives, and themes, and research, and it was going to be a very straight forward exploration. This of course, like so many re-search pursuits, did not end up being the case. Instead, I found it to be far more frustratingRead MoreEssay about The Power of Angels in America2546 Words   |  11 PagesI intend to examine two of the articles written on the play. The first, Gordon Rogoffs Angels in America, Devils in the Wings, is quite problematic, and errors of fact that the author makes about the play lead me to wonder at its value for analysis. The second article, Charles McNultys Angels in America: Tony Kushners Theses on the Philosophy of History pose some difficult questions regarding the plays relationship to the concept of history, arguing that Millennium Approaches1 deconstructsRead MoreThomas Lanier Williams, And Tennessee Williams2256 Words   |  10 PagesCase Examp le Thomas Lanier Williams, or Tennessee Williams as he was later known, was born on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. He was the second of three children, he had an older sister Rose and a younger brother Dakin, born to Cornelius and Edwina Williams. Because Williams’ father was a traveling shoe salesman for much of his early childhood he and his family lived with his maternal grandparents. However, due to the nature of his grandfather’s work as an Episcopal minister the familyRead MoreBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pages| | | | |Misery, Anton Chekhov (pp. 83-87) | | | | |â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner (pp. 236-251) | | | | |Boys and Girls, Alice Munro (pp. 772-781) | |

Corporate Social Responsibility for Sustainability

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Sustainability. Answer: Introduction: The HM is required to provide safe work environment to its employees by listening to their problems. It should build a comprehensive work culture by inculcating new communication technology so that employees can make effective decisions. Besides this, repairs of equipments and machines should be done in order to eliminate occurrence of injuries at the work place. The company should encourage workers participation in decision making process which facilitates in increasing their commitment towards the organization. In addition to this, the performance of the employees should be evaluated with unbiased manner which helps in increasing their productivity levels as they are highly motivated to perform different tasks in an effective and efficient manner. Besides this, the other recommendation is that the employees of the company should maintain privacy in recording and maintaining the entries related to financial information (HM Annual Report, 2015). This in turn results in increasing the commitment level of the employees in the organization. In addition to this, relevant information should be communicated to stakeholders in order to maintain the transparency of its operation (HM Group, 2016). It is also required for the organization to make strategic alliances with different companies in related industry in order to share and adopt new technologies which facilitates in increasing iuts market share and achieving sustainability in the market(Good on you, 2016). Recommendation on three philanthropic activities The company should enter into a partnership with different schools in order to provide education to different students who are deprieved of education. In addition to this, the company should sponsor different sport events and produce different clothes which can be wear at the time of the occurrence of the sports event. The company should make collaborations with other companies in order to adopt technologies to recycle the products made by the company. This facilitates in reducing the waste occurred while producing the product. It also has a positive impact on the environment. This is because it helps in reducing the carbon footprint extrations in the environment. Along with this, charities can be made by sponsoring an health event for children in order to provide them knowledge regarding first aid or precautions that can be taken to live an healthy life(HM, 2016). References Good on you. 2016. The ethics of fast fashion: HM and Zara. Retrieved from https://goodonyou.org.au/the-ethics-of-fast-fashion-hm-and-zara/ HM Annual Report. (2015). Retrieved from https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hmgroup/groupsite/documents/masterlanguage/Annual%20Report/Annual%20Report%202015.pdf HM Group. (2016). Our Approach. Retrieved from https://about.hm.com/en/sustainability/our-approach.html HM. (2016). Can HM set a new standard for sustainability if their business model is unsustainable. Retrieved from https://projectjust.com/brand_hm/